Translations for The Prophet now stands at 112

20 Jan 2020

In April 2017, two Gibran scholars set out to count every language into which The Prophet had been translated. They arrived at 104. The list has not stopped growing since — it now stands at 112, and the full roll-call is set out here, language by language.

By The Kahlil Gibran Collective

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KAHLIL GIBRAN COLLECTIVE

By The Kahlil Gibran Collective  ·  Kahlil Gibran Collective  ·  2020  ·  kahlilgibran.com

Graph charting translations of The Prophet by decade, from Maya El Hajj, “Aporias in Literary Translation: A Case Study of The Prophet and Its Translations”
Maya El Hajj, “Aporias in Literary Translation: A Case Study of The Prophet and Its Translations,” Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, April 2019, pp. 396–404.

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I

A Count That Keeps Growing

In April 2017, during the third international conference on Kahlil Gibran held at the Lebanese American University in Beirut, the Gibran scholars Francesco Medici and Glen Kalem-Habib presented their findings on the number of first-edition language translations of The Prophet. The year-long study registered 104 titles. The work continued, and just over a year later the two announced four further translations, which Medici presented at the 5th International Kahlil Gibran Conference in Paris in April 2019.

Four more have since been added, bringing the total to a new record of 112 translations — further cementing The Prophet as one of the most translated books in history, and quite possibly the most translated work of poetry ever published.

In April 2019 Maya El Hajj published a paper drawing on the Medici and Kalem-Habib findings, “Aporias in Literary Translation: A Case Study of The Prophet and Its Translations”. Her study found that The Prophet has scarcely ever ceased to be translated somewhere in the world across the last century, chiefly in Europe and Asia.

The two most recent additions to the list are Sanskrit and Interlingua.
Book covers of new translations of The Prophet: top left Interlingua, top right Sanskrit; below, Francesco Medici presenting at the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, 2019, with various international covers of The Prophet
Top left: Interlingua. Top right: Sanskrit. Below: Francesco Medici presenting at the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, 2019, with international editions of The Prophet.

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II

The General List

First editions, in alphabetical order by language.

  1. Afrikaans: Die profeet, trans. Louis Fourie, Pretoria (South Africa): J.L. Van Schaik, 1955.
  2. Albanian: Profeti, trans. Maksim Rakipaj, Tirana (Albania): Botimet Toena, 2003. 
  3. Alsatian: De Prophet, trans. Atelier de Promotion de l’Alsacien, ed. Fouad Alzouheir, Zinswiller (France): APECM (Association pour l’éducation et les cultures multilingues), 2013.
  4. Amharic: YeTibeb Meniged (Nebiyu), trans. Demelash Tiulahun, Tesfahun Mitiku, Habitamu Tesfaye, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): Commercial Publishing Enterprise, 2011.
  5. Arabic (Egypt): al-Nabī, trans. Anṭūniyūs Bashīr, Cairo (Egypt): al-Maṭbaʻah al-Raḥmānīyah bi-Miṣr, 1926.
  6. Arabic (England): al-Nabī, trans. Jamīl al-‘Ābid, London (England): Elan Publications, 2016. 
  7. Arabic (Lebanon): al-Nabī, trans. Mīkhā’īl Nu‘aymah (Mikhail Naimy), Beirut (Lebanon): Mu’assasat Nawfal, 1956.
  8. Armenian (Eastern): Margarēn, trans. Hovik Yordekian, Yerevan (Armenia): Lebanese Embassy of Armenia, 2008. 
  9. Armenian (Western): Margarēn, trans. Vahe-Vahian (Sarkis Abdalian), Antelias (Lebanon): Tparan Katoġikosowtean Hayoc Meçi Tann Kilikioy, 1983.
  10. Assamese: Propheṭa, trans. Jyotiprasād Śaikīẏā, Guwahati (India): Natuna Asama, 1994.
  11. Azerbaijani: Peyğəmbər, trans. S. Bulut, Baku (Azerbaijan): Qanun, 2014.
  12. Bahsa Acèh [Acehnese]: al-Nabī(translator, place and year of publication, publisher unknown).
  13. Basque: Profeta, trans. Patxi Ezkiaga, Arantzazu (Spain, Basque Country): Oñati, 2008.
  14. Bengali [Bangla] (Bangladesh): The Prophet, trans. Chowdury Mushtaq Ahmed, Dhaka (Bangladesh): Ahmed Mahmudul Haque of Mowla Brothers, 2009.
  15. Bengali [Bangla] (India): Dya prapheṭa, trans. Ajita Miśra, Midnapore (India, West Bengal): Amrtaloka Sāhitya Parishada, 1993.
  16. Berber: Amusnaw, trans. Youcef Allioui, Paris (France): L’Harmattan. 2014.
  17. Bikol: An Profeta, trans. Bernie Faustine D. Brijueg, ed.  Wilmer Joseph S. Tria, Naga City (Philippines, Bicol Region): Ina Nin Bikol Foundation, 2013.
  18. Bulgarian: Prorokŭt, trans. Maya Tzenova, Sofia (Bulgaria): Kibea, 1997.
  19. Catalan (Spain): El profeta, trans. Maria de Quadras, Barcelona (Spain, Catalonia): Altés, 1974.
  20. Cebuan: Ang Propeta, trans. Jesus “Sonny” Garcia, Jr., Cebu City (Philippines, Central Visayas): Sun Star Pub, 
  21. Chinese (Mandarin): Xianzhi, trans. Xie Bingxin, Shanghai (People’s Republic of China): Xinyue Shudian, 1931.
  22. Croatian: Prorok, trans. Marko Grcic, Zagreb (Croatia): GZH, 1985.
  23. Czech: Prorok, trans. Oldřich Hlaváč, Prague (Czechia): Prota-Ludvík Souček, 1932.
  24. Danish: Profeten, trans. Per Thorrell, Copenhagen (Denmark): Lindhardt og Ringhof, 1987.
  25. Dutch: De Profeet, trans. Liesbeth Valckenier-Suringar, The Hague (Netherlands, South Holland): Servire, 1927.
  26. English (Braille): The Prophet, Washington, D.C. (USA): Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, 1951.
  27. Esperanto (artificial language): La Profeto, trans. Roan Orloff-Stone, ed. Elías F. Shamon, [San Cristóbal de] La Laguna (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain): Eldonejo Stafeto-Juan Régulo Pérez, 1962. 
  28. Estonian: Prohvet, trans. Doris Kareva, Tallinn (Estonia): Huma, 1997.
  29. Faroese: Profeturin, trans. Hans J. Glerfoss, Tórshavn (Faroe Islands, Denmark): Marna, 1986.
  30. Filipino: Ang Propeta, trans. Felicidad Sagalongos-San Luis,(Philippines): Vertex, 1975.
  31. Finnish: Profeetta, trans. Annikki Setälä, Hämeenlinna (Finland): Karisto, 1968.
  32. French (Andorra): Le Prophète, trans. unknown, Andorra la Vella (Andorra): AnimaViva Multilingüe, 
  33. French (Belgium): Le Prophète, trans. Marcel Lobet, Brussels (Belgium): Édition universelle, 1943.
  34. French (Canada): Le Prophète, trans. Paul Kinnet, Boucherville [Quebec, Canada]: Éditions de Mortagne, 1983.
  35. French (France): Le prophète, trans. Madeline Mason-Manheim, Paris (France): Éditions du Sagittaire, 1926.
  36. French (Switzerland): Le prophète, trans. Michaël La Chance, Geneva (Switzerland): Éditions Idégraf, 1985.
  37. Galician (Spain): El profeta(y El jardín del profeta), trans. Ghaleb Jaber Ibrahim, Santiago de Compostela (Spain): Fundación Araguaney-Teófilo Edicións, 2018.
  38. German (Austria): Der Prophet, trans. Karin Graf, Vienna (Austria): Buchgemeinschaft Donauland, 1987.
  39. German (Germany): Der Prophet, trans. Georg-Eduard Freiherr von Stietencron, Munich (Germany): Hyperion, 1925.
  40. German (Switzerland): Der Prophet, trans. Ursula Assaf-Nowak, Olten (Switzerland): Walter, 1984.
  41. Greek: O Profetes, trans. Giannis Papadakis, Athens (Greece): C. Stavrakakis, 1960.
  42. Gujarati: Viday Velakhe, trans. Kishore Mashruwala, Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India): Navjivan Prakashan Mandir, 2013.
  43. Hebrew: ha-Navi, trans. Noʻah Zalud, Tel Aviv (Israel): Hotsaʼat Tamuz, 1975.
  44. Hindi: Paigambar, trans. Nilima Singh, New Delhi (India): Hind Pocket Books, 2009.
  45. Hungarian: A próféta, trans. Révbíró Tamás, Budapest (Hungary): Édesvíz, 1992.
  46. Icelandic: Spámaðurinn, trans. Gunnar Dal, Reykjavík (Iceland): Almenna bókafélagið, 1958.
  47. Indonesian: An Nabi, trans. Bahrum Rangkuti, ed. I. Annaury, Jakarta (Indonesia): Pembangunan Opbouw, 
  48. Interlingua (international auxiliary language): Le Propheta, trans. Martin Lavallée, Morrisville, NC (USA): Lulu.com, 2019.
  49. Isi Xhosa (Xhosa): Umprofethi, trans. Koliswa Moropa,Z. Mtumane, Plettenberg Bay (South Africa): Pooka, 2007.
  50. Italian: Il profeta, trans. Eirene Niosi-Risos, ed. Augusto Mancini, Lanciano (Chieti, Italy): Gino Carabba, 1936.
  51. Japanese: Purofeeto(Yogensha), trans. Kobayashi Kaoru, Tokyo (Japan): Goma Shobo, 1972.
  52. Kabyle (Algeria): Nnbi, trans. Farid Abac, Algiers (Algeria): Laphomic, 1991.
  53. Kannada (India): Pravādi, trans. Dēsāyi Dattamūrti, Hubli (India): Ānanda Granthamālā, 1953.
  54. Korean: Sŏnjija, trans. Han Il-san,Seoul (South Korea): Han’guk Kidokkyo Munhwawŏn, 
  55. Kotava (international auxiliary language): Katcilik, trans. Staren Fetcey, place of publication unknown: Kotavaxak dem Suterot, 2015.
  56. Kurdish: Peyamber, trans. Husein Muhammed, Stockholm (Sweden): Helwest, 2001.
  57. Latvian: Pravietis, trans. Ingridas Vīksnas, Toronto (Canada): Greenwood Printers, 1975.
  58. Lithuanian: Pranašas, trans. Zigmas Ardickas, Vilnius (Lithuania): Asveja. 1998.
  59. Lombard (Italy): El Profeta, trans. Marc Tamburell (Marco Tamburelli), Monza (Italy): Menaresta, 2015.
  60. Macedonian: Prorokot, trans. G. Petreski, ed. K. Fidanovski, Skopje (North Macedonia): Kultura, 1993.
  61. Malay (Indonesia): Sang Nabi, trans. Iwan Nurdaya Djafar, Jakarta (Indonesia): Pustaka Jaya, 1981.
  62. Malayalam (India): Pravācakan, trans.  Akkanatt, Kochi (India): Janatā Buksṭāl, 1983.
  63. Maltese: Il-profeta, trans. Victor Fenech, Sta Venera (Malta): Klabb Kotba Maltin, 2008.
  64. Marathi (India): Da Prophet(Paigambar), trans. J.K. Jadhav, Aurangabad (India): Saket, 2009.
  65. Nepali: Guru, trans. Netra Ācārya & Pushpa Ācārya, Kathmandu (Nepal): Ṭrānsa Riprinṭa, 2005.
  66. Northern Sotho (South Africa): Moprofeta, trans. Maje S Serudu, Johannesburg (South Africa): Ad Donker, 1983.
  67. Norwegian (Bokmål): Profeten, trans. Helge Hagerup, Oslo (Norway): Gyldendal, 1967.
  68. Norwegian (Nynorsk): Profeten, trans. Sondre Bratland, Oslo (Norway): Kolofon, 2017.
  69. Occitan (Provençal dialect): Alora una frema…,  Joan-Glaudi Babois & Reinat Toscano, Oc: gazeta d’accion occitana de novelas literarias e artisticas, Institut d’estudis occitans, Toulouse (France), No 51, April 1999.
  70. Papiamento (Curaçao): E Profeta, trans. Hilda de Windt-Ayoubi, ed. Suheil Bushrui, Bethesda (Maryland, USA): University Press of Maryland, 2013.
  71. Pashto: Haghạh wuwel[He said], trans. ʻAzīz al-Raḥmān Sayfī, Kabul (Afghanistan): Da Paṣhto Ṭolane da Kābul Mujille liʼkhwā, 1957 (1336). 
  72. Persian (Iran): Payāmbar, trans. Mostafa Alam,Tehran (Iran): Taban, 1962 (1341).
  73. Polish: Prorok, trans. Wandy Dynowskiej, Beirut (Lebanon): Cedr i Orzel, 1954.
  74. Portuguese (Brazil): O Profeta, trans. Mansour Yousef Challita,Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Biblioteca Universal Popular, 1963. 
  75. Portuguese (Portugal): O profeta, trans. Manuel Simões, Braga (Portugal): Editorial A.O., 1978.
  76. Punjabi: Paighambar, trans. Guninder Singh, Patiala (India, Punjab): Punjabi University, 1999.
  77. Romani: A próféta/O platniko, trans. Zoltán Vesho-Farkas, Vesho műfordítások, Budapest (Hungary): Budapesti Montessori Társaság, 2000.
  78. Romanian: Profetul, trans. Radu Cârneci, Bucarest (Romania): Orion, 1991.
  79. Romansh (Switzerland): II profet, trans. Felix Giger, Litteratura, 10/1 (1987), pp. 106-110; Litteratura, 11/1 (1988), pp. 67-71 (excerpts).
  80. Russian: Prorok, trans. Igor Alekseyevich Zotikov, ed. I. Zotikova, Moscow (Russia): Raduga, 1989.
  81. Sanskrit (India): Usne Kaha[Thus Spoke He], trans. unknown, Uttar Pradesh (India): Bharatiy Akhil Sangh Seva, 1957.
  82. Serbian: Prorok, trans. Dragoslav Andric, Belgrade (Serbia): D. Andrić, 1995.
  83. Sesotho (Southern Sotho [South Africa]): Moprofeta, trans. Moruti W. Tšiu, ed. N.B. Sekere, Plettenberg Bay (South Africa): Pooka, 2007.
  84. Setswana (Tswana [South Africa]): Moporofeti, trans. Phaladi M. Sebate,M.R. Malope, Plettenberg Bay (South Africa): Pooka, 2007. 
  85. Sinhala: Divasiya, trans. Wimalasena Vithanapathirana, Colombo (Sri Lanka): Godage, 2004.
  86. Slovak: Prorok, trans. Eduard V. Tvarozek, Bratislava (Slovakia): Tatran, 1971. 
  87. Slovenian: Prerok, trans. Lojze Bratina, Ljubljana-Maribor (Slovenia): Župnijski urad sv. Magdalene, 1978.
  88. Spanish (Argentina): El Profeta, trans. José E. Guraieb,Buenos Aires (Argentina): J. Rosso, 1933.
  89. Spanish (Chile): El profeta, trans. Moises Mussa B., Santiago (Chile): Nascimento, 1932.
  90. Spanish (Colombia): El profeta, trans. Antonio Chalita Sfair, Ibagué (Colombia): Editorial Tolima, 195-?.
  91. Spanish (Mexico): El Profeta, trans. Leonardo Shafik Kaim, Mexico City (Mexico): Imprenta Mundial, 1934.
  92. Spanish (Peru): El profeta, trans. Carlos Alberto Seguín, ed. Max Silva Tuesta, Lima (Peru): Tall. Gráf. P.L. Villanueva, 1967.
  93. Spanish (Spain): El profeta, trans. Halet Soleiman Bahadur, Madrid (Spain): Felmar, 1980.
  94. Spanish (Uruguay): El profeta, trans. unknown, Montevideo (Uruguay): Colicheuque, 1990.
  95. Swahili (Tanzania): Mtume, trans. Joseph R. Kotta, Dar es Salaam (Tanzania): Tanzania Pub. House, 1971.
  96. Swedish: Profeten, trans. Olga Bergmann, Stockholm (Sweden): Natur o. kultur, 1933.
  97. Syriac (Iraq): Enwīyā, trans. Youarish Haido & Robin Bet Shmuel, Baghdad (Iraq): Al-Mashriq Printing, 1998. 
  98. Syriac (Sweden): Nbíyā, trans. ʻAbd Mšíḥā Naʻmaʼn Qarahbaš, Jönköping (Sweden): Ashurbanibal Bok-förlag, 2002.
  99. Tagalog (Philippines): Ang pantas, trans. Ruth Elynia Mabanglo, Quezon City (Philippines): C & E Publishing, 2011.
  100. Tamazight (Algeria): Nnbi, trans. Husin Luni (Hocine Louni), Tizi Ouzou (Algeria): ÉditionsMehdi, 2014.
  101. Tamil (India): Tīrkkatarici, trans. Ca. Irācamāṇikkam, Chennai (Madras, India): Cantiyā Patippakam, 2011.
  102. Telugu (India): Pravakta, trans. Chikkala Krishna Rao, Hyderabad (India): Nabu Press, 1994.
  103. Thai: Pratchayā chīwit, trans. Ravi Vila Wilai,Bangkok (Thailand): Phiseux kar phimph, 
  104. Tigrinya: Eti Nebiy, trans. Mesfin Gebremedhin, Peterborough (England): Mesfin Gebremedhin, 2016.
  105. Turkish: Peygamber, trans. Orhan Ercem, Istanbul (Turkey): Marmara Kitabevi, 1945.
  106. Ukranian: Prorok, trans. Pavlo Nasada, Vsesvit, No. 1, Kiev (Ukraine), 1995.
  107. Urdu: Paighambar, trans. M. Saleh Zadah, Tehran: Kānūn-i Maʻrifat, 1961 (1340).
  108. Uyghur (China): Danishmăn: năsriy sheirlar, trans. unknown, Kashgar (People’s Republic of China): Qăshqăr Uighur Năshriyati, 2001.
  109. Vietnamese: Nhà tiên tri, trans. Châu Diên, Hanoi (Vietnam): Nxb Hội nhà văn, 1992.
  110. Xitsonga (Tsonga [South Africa]): Muprofeta, trans. Ximbani E. Mabaso, ed. P.H. Nkuna, Plettenberg Bay (South Africa): Pooka, 2007.
  111. Yiddish: Der novi, trans. Isaac Horowitz, Warsaw (Poland): Biblioteka Jaczkowskiego, 1929.
  112. Zulu: Umpholofithi, trans. DBZ Ntuli, Johannesburg (South Africa): Ad Donker, 1983.

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